Crude Oil Custody Transfer

Objectives

• The physical properties and phase behavior of crude oil and natural gas that govern production operations
• Field processes for treating and conditioning full well stream production for sales or final disposition
• An introduction to the wide range of equipment used to process, treat, transport, and store oilfield produced fluids
• The basics of oilfield corrosion prevention, detection, and treatment
• How to determine and minimize pressure drop in pipelines, valves and pressured vessels Internal workings of separators, pumps, compressors, valves, and other treating equipment
• An overview of the processes and equipment and deferent styles of storage tanks and pumps
• A basic understanding of a wide range of produced fluid volume measurement and metering devices
• A description of treating equipment whether located downhole, on the surface, offshore platform or seafloor

Outline

Day 1:

• Chemical and physical properties of crude oils
• Introduction Oil Terminal & Tank Farm
• Types of Storage Tanks.
• Crude oil storage tanks and supply distribution.
• Procedure for Tank Mixer Operation
• Product Specifications & Blending
• Cleaning of Tanks
• Separation Facility Equipment: –
• Equipment description – Horizontal vs. Vertical vessel selection – Vessel internal
• Gas – oil – and water separation
• Principles of liquid flow through
• Pipelines 
• Breaking oil/water emulsion
• Dehydration”  
• Theory of emulsions, Factors promoting stability
• Of oil-water emulsions, Treatment of wet – crude
• Oil, Principles of electric dehydration
• Alternating current and dual
• Polarity electrostatic system

Day 2:

• Operation
• Desolaters
• Desalting of crude oil
• Desalting process   Performance and design data
• Theory, operating condition, troubleshooting 
• Pumps and compressors
• Determine wash water quantity
• Design considerations
• The production Facility: –
• Making the equipment work
• Gathering pipelines system
• Process corrosion, fouling, and scaling
• Facilities Integration Troubleshooting
• Retention time   Carry – over problems
• Water Treatment:  
• Water Treatment principles   Water Treatment methods   Water Treatment networks.
• Calculation of hydrate forming conditions

Methods for preventing hydrate formation – Chemicals (inhibitors (methanol), advanced methods and methanol injection rates), Heat (line heaters and heat tracing), and dehydration (glycol dehydration, refrigeration, and molecular sieves).

Day 3: 

• Physical properties of hydrates – Density, heat capacity, the heat of formation, and mechanical properties.
• The water content of gas – Calculating the water content of sweet, sour and acid gas.
• Use of phase diagrams to understand the subtleties of hydrate formation conditions – Phase Ionic, triple points, quadruple points, pressure-temperature diagrams, and temperature-composition diagrams, and temperature-composition diagrams.
• Determination of hydrate formation temperature or pressure
• Condensation of water vapor
• Temperature drop due to gas expansion
• Thermodynamic inhibitors
• Kinetic inhibitors and anti-agglomerates
• Low-temperature Exchange (LTX) units and line heaters
• LTX units
• Line heaters
• Condensate stabilization

Day 4:

• Dehydration with liquid desiccants – Glycols, Safety, physical properties, Storage and Handling and tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) o Glycol dehydration
• TEG Dehydration process description – Glycol contactor, inlet separator, the regenerator, and process flow.
• TEG Dehydration: Design – Inlet gas temperature, contactor pressure, number of equilibrium stages, circulation rate, contactor diameter, lean glycol temperature, glycol concentration, reboiler temperature, reboiler pressure, stripping gas, still temperature and reboiler duty.
• TEG Dehydration: Operation – Operations problems and dehydration unit start-up.
• Adsorption Process
•  Adsorbent selection
• Solid desiccant dehydration –
• Absorbents, process descriptions, and dryer regeneration.
• Mole sieve simplified design – Absorption design and regeneration
• Process selection
• Solid bed dehydration
• Process description
• Design consideration  
• Design procedure for iron-sponge units

Day 5:

• Land tank measurement an overview
• Fundamentals of land tank calibration
• Automatic level gauging of land tanks
• Temperature measurement inland tank
• A manual sampling of land tank
• Introduction to metering and meter proving
• Displacement meters’ hardware
• SPM Marine Activity
• Hose Connection
• Performance Indicators of Ports
• Marine Terminal Regulation Procedure:
• Jetty Regulations:
• Mooring Arrangement
• Marine Terminal Personnel
• Tanker Cargo Operations & Documentation
• Ballast/slops operations.
• Pumps, Process Control and Safety Systems
• Positive Displacement Pumps, centrifugal Pumps
•  Control objectives and control loops; PID control theory; control valves; and flow measurement and control. The flow of Fluids – Pressure drop in the piping; choosing a line diameter and wall thickness; pressure ratings and determining pressure breaks; designing Loop Systems; Single-Phase and two-phase flow; testing and inspection; pigging; and flow splitting.

Who Should Attend ?

Technical personnel involved in the activities of natural gas industry. Specifically, technical, operations and maintenance personnel who had limited exposure in this area, or professionals involved in other areas of the gas industry who require a comprehensive overview of natural gas processing will find this course ideally suited for them.